Abstrak

Sejarah filsafat tidak mungkin dijelaskan secara sempurna dalam esai ringkas karena luasnya detail dan kompleksitas pemikiran para filsuf. Namun tujuan esai ini memang bukan untuk menjadi ensiklopedia lengkap, melainkan sebagai pengantar awal untuk memahami alur perkembangan filsafat Barat beserta problem-problem pokok yang dibahas di dalamnya, sampai menemukan titik temu dengan pemahaman sains secara modern. Mazhab Milesian adalah aliran filsafat Yunani Kuno yang muncul di kota Miletus, sebuah kota di Asia Kecil, sekitar abad ke-6 sebelum Masehi. Para filsuf Milesian merupakan pemikir pertama yang berusaha memahami alam semesta dengan rasio, bukan lagi melalui mitologi atau kisah dewa-dewi. Mereka mencoba mencari prinsip dasar atau asas pertama (archê) dari seluruh realitas. Mazhab ini terdiri terutama dari tiga tokoh utama, yaitu Thales, Anaximander, dan Anaximenes. Ketiganya hidup di Miletus dan memiliki tujuan yang sama, yaitu menjelaskan asal-usul dunia secara rasional. Perbedaan mereka terletak pada apa yang dianggap sebagai dasar utama dari segala sesuatu. “Apa hakikat dasar dari seluruh realitas? Dan apakah realitas memiliki satu prinsip universal?" Ini adalah problem utama yang secara utuh dibuka oleh para pemikir Milesian.

Kata Kunci

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